FAQ Zone | Core Q&As on Hydrogen, Red Light, Products & Our Company

Molecular hydrogen (H₂) is a diatomic molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms. It is the smallest and lightest molecule in nature. Under standard conditions, it exists as a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas, with relatively stable chemical properties.

The hydrogen element is a general term for a class of atoms with one proton, and it is one of the basic elements that make up matter. Molecular hydrogen, on the other hand, is a specific form of matter formed by two hydrogen atoms bonded through a covalent bond. It is one of the existing forms of the hydrogen element. The relationship between the two is that of an element and a specific substance composed of that element.

Molecular hydrogen exists in nature, but its content is relatively low. It is mainly found in gases released near volcanic craters, certain natural mineral waters (such as hydrogen-rich spring water), gases released from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and the atmosphere (in extremely small amounts, approximately 0.5 ppm), among other places.

Hydrogen therapy refers to a method that introduces molecular hydrogen into the human body through certain means and utilizes the properties of molecular hydrogen to assist in improving physical conditions and promoting health. Common methods include drinking hydrogen-rich water, inhaling hydrogen gas, and applying hydrogen-rich products to the skin.

Hydrogen therapy is not a recent development. Its research can be traced back to the 1970s. In 1975, a study found that high-pressure hydrogen could be used to treat cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In 2007, Japanese researchers discovered that low-concentration hydrogen has selective antioxidant effects. Since then, research on hydrogen therapy has gradually increased, and its applications have also developed progressively.

Yes, it can. Due to its small molecular size, molecular hydrogen has good permeability. It can enter the human body through multiple pathways such as the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and skin, and can quickly diffuse to various tissues and organs in the body, including passing through the blood-brain barrier to enter the brain tissue.

Yes, they are the same substance, both being molecular hydrogen (H₂). However, the hydrogen used in hydrogen therapy has extremely high purity requirements, usually needing to reach 99.99% or higher, and impurities (such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, etc.) must be removed to ensure safe use. In contrast, the hydrogen in ordinary hydrogen cylinders may not meet the purity and impurity content standards for hydrogen therapy due to different application purposes.

Hydrogen-rich water refers to water in which a certain concentration of molecular hydrogen is dissolved. Ordinary water contains almost no molecular hydrogen, while hydrogen-rich water contains molecular hydrogen that can be absorbed and utilized by the human body. There is little difference between the two in terms of appearance and taste, but the core difference lies in whether they contain bioactive molecular hydrogen.

The molecular weight of molecular hydrogen is 2 (the relative atomic mass of a hydrogen atom is 1, so the relative molecular mass of a molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms is 2). Due to its extremely small molecular weight, molecular hydrogen has strong penetrability. It can quickly pass through cell membranes to enter cells, and even enter subcellular structures such as mitochondria and cell nuclei, thereby exerting its physiological effects more effectively.

Currently, hydrogen therapy is mostly in the stage of auxiliary medicine and research. It does not fully belong to the traditional category of alternative medicine, nor has it yet become a mature standard treatment method in modern medicine. However, with the continuous deepening of relevant research, its application potential in the field of modern medicine is gradually being explored, and it is expected to become an important means of auxiliary treatment for certain diseases in the future.

The core mechanism behind molecular hydrogen's impact on the human body lies primarily in its selective antioxidant effect. It can specifically scavenge highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body, such as hydroxyl radicals (・OH) and peroxynitrite anions (ONOO⁻), while having little effect on ROS that play physiological roles in the human body (e.g., superoxide anions O₂⁻, hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂). This helps maintain the body's redox balance and reduce oxidative stress damage.

In addition to selective antioxidation, molecular hydrogen also exerts effects through mechanisms such as anti-inflammation, regulation of cell signaling pathways, protection of mitochondrial function, and regulation of gene expression. For example, it can alleviate inflammatory responses by inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6); it can also regulate signaling pathways related to cell apoptosis and proliferation to protect cells from damage.

The process of molecular hydrogen scavenging free radicals is achieved through redox reactions. Taking the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals as an example: molecular hydrogen (H₂) reacts with hydroxyl radicals (・OH) to generate water (H₂O) and hydrogen atoms (・H). The hydrogen atoms can further combine with other hydroxyl radicals to form water. The entire reaction process is mild, and the final product is water, which is harmless to the human body—no other harmful substances are produced.

The antioxidant effect of molecular hydrogen is "selective" because it only scavenges highly toxic ROS in the human body (e.g., hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite anions) that cause severe cell damage, while having no significant scavenging effect on ROS involved in normal cellular physiological metabolism (e.g., immune defense, signal transduction), such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. The significance of this selectivity is that it can reduce the damage to the body caused by oxidative stress without interfering with the normal physiological functions of cells, thus avoiding the side effects that non-selective antioxidants may bring.

Molecular hydrogen can protect mitochondrial function by reducing oxidative stress damage to mitochondria, maintaining the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoting the production of mitochondrial ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the "energy currency" of cells). Improved mitochondrial function offers numerous benefits for human health: it provides sufficient energy for cells to maintain normal physiological activities of the body; delays cell aging and reduces aging-related diseases caused by decreased mitochondrial function (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases); and enhances the body's immunity to improve its ability to resist diseases.

Molecular hydrogen regulates inflammatory responses mainly through the following ways: Scavenging a large amount of toxic reactive oxygen species produced during inflammation, thereby reducing the induction and exacerbation of inflammation by oxidative stress; Inhibiting the activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils); Reducing the gene expression and protein release of inflammatory factors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6). Based on this, molecular hydrogen may be beneficial for a variety of inflammation-related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, pneumonia, and prostatitis.

Yes, it can. Molecular hydrogen can affect gene expression by regulating intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB signaling pathway, Nrf2 signaling pathway). It mainly influences genes related to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metabolism. For example, it can upregulate the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) to enhance the body's antioxidant capacity; it can also downregulate the expression of genes related to inflammatory factors to alleviate inflammatory responses.

The strong penetrability of molecular hydrogen is specifically reflected in the following aspects: it can quickly pass through the gastrointestinal mucosa to enter the bloodstream; it can cross the blood-brain barrier to act on brain tissue; it can penetrate cell membranes to enter subcellular structures such as mitochondria and cell nuclei; it can also penetrate the skin to enter subcutaneous tissues and the bloodstream. The advantage of this strong penetrability is that molecular hydrogen can quickly reach various lesion sites and inside cells in the body, directly acting on the source of damage (e.g., free radicals produced by mitochondria, abnormally expressed genes in the cell nucleus), thereby exerting its physiological effects more efficiently.

Compared with other antioxidants, the unique characteristics of molecular hydrogen are mainly as follows:
1. Small molecular size and strong penetrability: It can enter subcellular structures (such as mitochondria and cell nuclei) that are difficult for other antioxidants to reach.
2. Selective antioxidant effect: It only scavenges toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) without affecting beneficial reactive oxygen species.
3. Mild action: Its reaction product is water, with no side effects.
4. No generation of potentially toxic oxidation products: Unlike antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E, which may produce potentially toxic oxidation products after exerting their effects, molecular hydrogen does not have this issue. Moreover, it does not require the body to consume energy for regeneration.

The improvement effect of molecular hydrogen on oxidative stress-related diseases includes both relieving disease symptoms and, to a certain extent, exerting a positive impact on the disease itself. On one hand, by scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammatory responses, it can directly alleviate symptoms caused by diseases, such as pain, swelling, and functional impairment. On the other hand, it can protect cells from oxidative stress damage, improve cellular metabolism and function, delay disease progression, and even promote the repair of damaged cells in some cases, thereby exerting an auxiliary therapeutic effect on the disease itself. However, it cannot replace standard treatment methods such as drugs.

Currently, the specific implementation methods of common hydrogen therapies are mainly three types:
1. Drinking hydrogen-rich water: Molecular hydrogen is ingested through the digestive tract.
2. Inhaling hydrogen gas: Hydrogen-generating equipment is used to produce hydrogen, which is then inhaled through a nasal catheter or mask. 3. Topical application: For example, using hydrogen-rich water for skin wiping or soaking, or using products like hydrogen-rich gel to allow molecular hydrogen to be absorbed through the skin. In addition, there are methods such as intravenous injection of hydrogen-rich saline, but these are currently mainly in the animal experiment stage and have not been widely applied in humans.

Yes, it does. The solubility of molecular hydrogen in water decreases as the water temperature rises. The higher the water temperature, the easier molecular hydrogen is to escape from the water, leading to a decrease in the content of molecular hydrogen in the water. Conversely, excessively low water temperature (such as freezing) may also affect the stability of molecular hydrogen and its absorption by the human body. Generally speaking, the optimal temperature for drinking hydrogen-rich water is room temperature (20-25°C) or slightly cool (10-20°C). At this temperature range, the solubility of molecular hydrogen in water is relatively high, and it is more conducive to digestion and absorption by the human body.

Yes, it will be lost quickly. Due to the volatility of molecular hydrogen, after hydrogen-rich water is opened, the molecular hydrogen in the water will continuously diffuse into the air, resulting in a rapid decrease in its content. To ensure the intake of a sufficient amount of molecular hydrogen, hydrogen-rich water should be consumed as soon as possible after opening. It is generally recommended to finish drinking it within a few minutes to half an hour to avoid prolonged storage. If it cannot be finished at one time, the bottle cap should be tightened immediately, and the water should be stored in the refrigerator. It is best to finish drinking it within 24 hours.

Currently, the concentration of inhaled hydrogen in hydrogen therapy is usually controlled at 1%-4% (volume fraction). This concentration range is considered safe and effective: it not only has good physiological activity but also is far below the explosive limit of hydrogen (the explosive limit of hydrogen in air is 4.0%-74.2%). When the concentration is too low, it may fail to achieve the expected auxiliary therapeutic effect. When the concentration is too high (exceeding 4%), it will not only not significantly enhance the effect but also increase the risk of explosion caused by hydrogen leakage. At the same time, it may also impose unnecessary burdens on the body.

The duration and frequency of hydrogen inhalation depend on specific conditions (such as individual health status, purpose of use, hydrogen concentration, etc.), and there is currently no unified standard. In clinical research and practical applications, the inhalation duration usually ranges from 30 minutes to 2 hours; the frequency of inhalation per day is generally 1 to 3 times. For example, for certain acute inflammatory diseases (such as pneumonia), it may be recommended to inhale 2 to 3 times a day, 1 to 2 hours each time; for daily health maintenance, inhaling once a day for 30 minutes to 1 hour may be sufficient. It is advisable to consult professionals for specific plans.

When applying hydrogen-rich products to the skin, the skin should meet the following conditions to better absorb molecular hydrogen:
1. Keep the skin clean: Remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the surface to avoid blocking the penetration of molecular hydrogen.
2. Keep the skin moist: Moist skin has a softer stratum corneum, allowing molecular hydrogen to penetrate more easily.
3. No obvious damage or inflammation on the skin (such as ulcers, acute eczema): If the skin is damaged, it may increase irritation, and the absorption pathway and effect of molecular hydrogen may also change. In addition, proper massage of the skin during application can promote local blood circulation and help the absorption of molecular hydrogen.

The main preparation methods of hydrogen-rich water are as follows:
1. Hydrogen dissolution method: Dissolve hydrogen into water under high pressure (e.g., commercial hydrogen-rich water production equipment).
2. Electrolysis method: Use electrolysis equipment to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, and then dissolve the hydrogen into water (e.g., household hydrogen-rich water cups, hydrogen-rich water machines).
3. Metal hydride reaction method: Use metal hydrides (such as magnesium hydride) to react with water to generate hydrogen, which is then dissolved into water (e.g., hydrogen-rich tablets).

Hydrogen-rich water can be prepared at home. Common methods include using household hydrogen-rich water cups, hydrogen-rich water machines, or hydrogen-rich tablets. When using these equipment and products, follow the instructions correctly to ensure that the prepared hydrogen-rich water meets the concentration standards and is safe and hygienic.

Qualified household hydrogen-rich water cups generally do not produce other harmful substances when used normally. High-quality hydrogen-rich water cups usually adopt advanced electrolysis technology (such as SPE proton exchange membrane technology), which can effectively separate hydrogen and oxygen and prevent oxygen from reacting with water again to produce impurities such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide.

To judge the safety of a household hydrogen-rich water cup, you can consider the following aspects:
1. Check whether the product has relevant safety certifications (such as national 3C certification, FDA certification, etc.).
2. Choose products produced by regular brands and manufacturers, and check their production qualifications and test reports.
3. Observe the state of the water during use. If the prepared water has an abnormal smell or color change, stop using it immediately.
4. Clean and maintain the equipment regularly to ensure its normal operation.

Special equipment is required for hydrogen inhalation, commonly including hydrogen generators (hydrogen production equipment) and hydrogen inhalers. The working principle of this equipment mainly involves producing hydrogen through water electrolysis: the electrolytic cell inside the equipment decomposes water (usually pure water or deionized water) into hydrogen and oxygen, and then separates hydrogen and oxygen through a specific separation device (such as a proton exchange membrane) to obtain high-purity hydrogen; after that, the hydrogen undergoes treatment such as drying and filtration, and is then delivered to the user for inhalation through a nasal catheter or mask. Some equipment can also adjust the hydrogen production rate and concentration to meet different usage needs.

- Drinking hydrogen-rich water:
- Advantages: Simple and convenient to operate, can be done anytime and anywhere, high safety, suitable for daily health maintenance and long-term use.
- Disadvantages: The concentration of molecular hydrogen in water is relatively low, and some molecular hydrogen may be decomposed by digestive juices in the digestive tract, resulting in relatively low absorption efficiency and relatively slow onset of action.

- Inhaling hydrogen:
- Advantages: High hydrogen concentration, which can quickly enter the blood circulation through the respiratory tract and act on tissues and organs throughout the body, with a relatively fast onset of action. It is suitable for assisting in improving acute diseases or situations where rapid action is required.
- Disadvantages: Special equipment is required, the operation is relatively complicated, it is not easy to carry, and attention must be paid to the safety issue of hydrogen leakage.

- Skin application of hydrogen-rich products:
- Advantages: Can directly act on local skin lesions (such as skin inflammation, wounds), with strong targeting and simple operation.
- Disadvantages: Molecular hydrogen can only act on the skin surface and subcutaneous tissue, making it difficult to reach the whole body. The absorption amount is limited, and it is mainly suitable for skin-related problems.

To choose a hydrogen therapy method that suits you, you need to comprehensively consider factors such as your own health status, purpose of use, and usage scenario. For example, drinking hydrogen-rich water is preferred for daily health maintenance; if you have acute inflammation, nerve damage, or similar conditions, you can choose hydrogen inhalation under professional guidance; if you have skin problems such as skin inflammation or eczema, you can choose skin application of hydrogen-rich products. If you have questions, it is recommended to consult a doctor or professional.

A large number of current studies have shown that within the recommended dosage and concentration range, molecular hydrogen is safe and non-toxic to the human body. Toxicological studies have shown that even high-concentration hydrogen (such as inhaled hydrogen with a concentration of up to 4%, which is much higher than the concentration used in daily hydrogen therapy) has not been observed to cause obvious toxic reactions in the human body. For example, no damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc. by hydrogen has been found, nor has it been found to have carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, or similar properties. In addition, the metabolite of hydrogen in the human body is water, which does not accumulate in the body, further confirming its safety.

In current research and clinical observations, no clear and serious side effects have been found in the long-term use of hydrogen therapy (such as long-term drinking of hydrogen-rich water, inhalation of low-concentration hydrogen). A small number of people may experience some mild and temporary discomfort reactions during use, such as digestive reactions (such as abdominal distension, diarrhea). This may be related to individual physical differences, the preparation method of hydrogen-rich water (such as whether it contains other impurities), or the body's adaptation process to molecular hydrogen in the early stage. A very small number of people may also experience mild local reactions such as skin itching (mainly when applying hydrogen-rich products to the skin). These discomfort reactions usually resolve on their own after continuous use for a few days to two weeks. If the discomfort persists or worsens, stop using it and consult a professional.

Hydrogen is indeed a flammable gas, but under standardized use, the risk of explosion during hydrogen inhalation is extremely low. The concentration of hydrogen inhaled in hydrogen therapy is usually 1%-4%, which is far below the explosive limit of hydrogen in air (4.0%-74.2%). In addition, regular hydrogen inhalation equipment adopts anti-leakage designs (such as closed airways, pressure monitoring devices) and is equipped with hydrogen leakage alarm systems.

To avoid the risk of explosion, attention should be paid to: - Choose regular hydrogen inhalation equipment that meets safety standards. - Use it in a well-ventilated environment and avoid operation in a closed space. - Prohibit smoking, using open flames, or other flammable and explosive materials around the equipment in use. - Regularly check the airtightness of the equipment to ensure no hydrogen leakage. - Strictly follow the equipment instructions for operation and do not arbitrarily change the hydrogen concentration or equipment parameters.

Currently, there is relatively limited dedicated clinical research data on the use of hydrogen therapy by pregnant women and lactating women. Therefore, from a cautious perspective, it is not recommended for pregnant women and lactating women to use hydrogen therapy on their own. Although molecular hydrogen has shown high safety in conventional use, and no adverse effects on fetuses or cubs have been observed in animal experiments, the physiological state of the human body during pregnancy and lactation is special. To avoid potential unknown risks, if pregnant women or lactating women have a need to use hydrogen therapy, they must do so under the comprehensive evaluation and guidance of a doctor or professional medical staff, and must not use it without authorization.

The organs of infants and young children are not yet fully developed, their physiological functions are immature, and their metabolism and tolerance to various substances are different from those of adults. Currently, research data on the use of hydrogen therapy in infants and young children is also relatively limited. Therefore, the use of hydrogen therapy in infants and young children requires extra caution. In rare cases, if an infant or young child suffers from certain severe inflammatory diseases or oxidative stress-related diseases, a doctor may try to use hydrogen therapy (such as low-concentration hydrogen inhalation) under close monitoring based on the needs of the condition. Parents need to note:
- Never use hydrogen therapy on infants and young children without authorization. - It is necessary to determine whether it is applicable, which method to choose, and specific parameters under the guidance of a professional pediatrician. - During use, closely observe the infant's/young child's reactions. If any discomfort occurs, stop using it immediately and seek medical attention. - Choose safe hydrogen therapy equipment specially designed for infants and young children or approved by a doctor.

People with underlying diseases should pay attention to the following points when using hydrogen therapy:
1. Do not replace drug treatment: Hydrogen therapy is only an auxiliary method and cannot replace the drugs prescribed by doctors for the treatment of underlying diseases. You should not stop taking drugs or adjust the dosage of drugs without authorization because of using hydrogen therapy, otherwise it may lead to fluctuations in the condition.
2. Consult a doctor in advance: Before using hydrogen therapy, you should inform the doctor in detail about the type of underlying disease, the control status of the condition, and the drugs you are taking. Let the doctor evaluate whether it is suitable to use hydrogen therapy to avoid adverse interactions between hydrogen therapy and drugs or the condition.
3. Choose an appropriate hydrogen therapy method: For example, patients with severe heart disease who have difficulty breathing need to consider their own breathing status when using hydrogen inhalation, and adjust the inhalation time and concentration under the guidance of a doctor.
4. Closely monitor the condition: During use, regularly monitor the relevant indicators of the underlying disease (such as blood glucose, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.), observe changes in the condition. If abnormal indicators or discomfort symptoms occur, seek medical attention in a timely manner.

Currently, there are no reported cases of people being allergic to molecular hydrogen (H₂) itself. This is because molecular hydrogen is a simple-structured, stable gas whose metabolite in the human body is water, making it unlikely to trigger immune allergic reactions. However, a small number of people may be allergic to other components in hydrogen-related products—for example, excipients like preservatives, fragrances, or colorants added to some hydrogen-rich water or hydrogen-rich gels, or materials in hydrogen therapy equipment that come into contact with the human body (such as the rubber material of nasal catheters). For such individuals using hydrogen therapy, the following precautions should be taken:
- Choose pure hydrogen-rich water without additional excipients or hydrogen-rich products with simple ingredients.
- Before using hydrogen therapy equipment, conduct a small-scale skin test to check if the contact materials cause allergies.
- If allergic symptoms such as rashes, itching, or difficulty breathing occur during use, stop using the product immediately, seek medical attention promptly to identify the allergen, and avoid contact with hydrogen-related products containing that allergen in the future.

Current research shows that at conventional doses, molecular hydrogen does not cause significant adverse interactions with most medications. This is because molecular hydrogen primarily exerts its effects through selective antioxidation and anti-inflammation, and its metabolism in the body is simple (producing water), making it unlikely to undergo complex chemical or physiological reactions with medications. To further ensure safety, the following suggestions are recommended:
1. Interval between use: A 30-minute to 1-hour interval is advisable between drinking hydrogen-rich water and taking medications to avoid any potential minor impact of hydrogen-rich water on the dissolution or absorption of medications in the gastrointestinal tract. There is no clear requirement for an interval between hydrogen inhalation and medication intake, but specific advice can be consulted with a doctor.
2. Inform doctors of medication use: As mentioned earlier, individuals who need to take medications should inform their doctors of the types of medications they are using (especially long-term prescription drugs such as anticoagulants or hypoglycemic agents) before starting hydrogen therapy, allowing doctors to conduct a comprehensive assessment.
3. Monitor medication reactions: During hydrogen therapy, pay close attention to physical reactions after taking medications. If abnormalities occur, promptly investigate whether they are related to hydrogen therapy and seek medical attention.

Current research indicates that long-term inhalation of hydrogen within the safe concentration range recommended for hydrogen therapy (1%-4%) does not cause damage to the respiratory system. However, if hydrogen is inhaled at a high concentration far exceeding the safe range (e.g., over 4%) for a long time—even if it does not reach the explosive limit—it may occupy a certain volume in the respiratory tract, leading to a relative decrease in the concentration of inhaled oxygen. Over time, this could pose a slight risk of hypoxia, thereby exerting adverse effects on the respiratory system and systemic tissues and organs. Additionally, if hydrogen contains impurities (such as carbon monoxide or formaldehyde), long-term inhalation—even at low concentrations—may irritate or damage the respiratory mucosa. Therefore, when using hydrogen inhalation therapy long-term, it is essential to strictly control the hydrogen concentration within the safe range and ensure the purity of hydrogen, to avoid respiratory damage caused by excessively high concentrations or impurity contamination.

No. The human body has a robust acid-base balance regulation system (such as the buffer system in the blood, respiratory system, and kidney function), which maintains the pH value of body fluids within the normal range of 7.35-7.45. Small amounts of acidic or alkaline substances ingested from the outside rarely alter the body’s overall acid-base balance. The main components of hydrogen-rich water are water and molecular hydrogen, and its pH value is close to neutral. (Some hydrogen-rich water prepared by electrolysis may be weakly alkaline due to the production of a small amount of hydroxide ions during electrolysis, but its pH value usually ranges from 7.5 to 8.5, which is within a safe range.) Moreover, molecular hydrogen does not participate in acid-base reactions in the body and only exerts physiological effects through antioxidation. Therefore, long-term drinking of hydrogen-rich water will not disrupt the body’s acid-base balance or cause acid-base imbalance. The claim on the market that "hydrogen-rich water regulates the body’s acid-base constitution" lacks scientific basis— the body’s acid-base balance does not need to be regulated by drinking specific types of water.

Healthy people can use hydrogen therapy for daily health maintenance, with the following specific benefits:
1. Reducing oxidative stress damage: In modern life, factors such as air pollution, ultraviolet radiation, staying up late, and high stress cause the body to produce excessive reactive oxygen species. Long-term accumulation of these species can lead to issues like fatigue and decreased immunity. Hydrogen therapy can scavenge excess toxic reactive oxygen species and reduce oxidative damage.
2. Relieving physical fatigue: Molecular hydrogen can improve mitochondrial function, promote the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), provide more energy for the body, and help relieve fatigue after daily work or exercise.
3. Enhancing immunity: By regulating inflammatory responses and redox balance, hydrogen therapy can assist in boosting the activity of immune cells, improving the body’s resistance to pathogens, and reducing the risk of common diseases such as colds and influenza.
4. Delaying aging: Oxidative stress is a key contributor to aging. Through reducing oxidative damage, hydrogen therapy can to a certain extent delay aging-related manifestations such as skin aging and organ function decline.

It should be noted that healthy people should view hydrogen therapy rationally and not regard it as a "universal health care method." They should still adhere to healthy lifestyles such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.

Hydrogen therapy is somewhat helpful for athletes, primarily in promoting post-exercise recovery; its effect on improving athletic performance is relatively limited.

Specifically:
1. Promoting post-exercise recovery: During exercise, muscle cells produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species due to increased energy metabolism, leading to muscle oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, and subsequent muscle soreness and fatigue. Hydrogen therapy can scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species generated during exercise, reduce muscle oxidative damage and inflammation, shorten the duration of muscle soreness, and accelerate physical recovery.
2. Reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress: Long-term high-intensity exercise can increase the body’s oxidative stress level and raise the risk of sports injuries. Hydrogen therapy can maintain the body’s redox balance over the long term and reduce the probability of sports injuries.
3. Impact on athletic performance: Current research partially shows that hydrogen therapy may slightly extend the duration of endurance exercise by improving mitochondrial function, but this effect is not significant and varies greatly among individuals. It cannot be used as the primary method to improve athletic performance.

For athletes using hydrogen therapy, it is recommended to drink hydrogen-rich water or inhale hydrogen for a short time after exercise to promote recovery.

Hydrogen therapy may have a certain improving effect on sleep quality for some people with poor sleep, but the effect varies among individuals, and it cannot replace professional sleep therapy.

Poor sleep has complex causes (such as high stress, anxiety, poor sleep environment, or sleep apnea syndrome). If sleep problems are related to oxidative stress or inflammatory responses (e.g., oxidative damage to nerve cells caused by long-term stress, or light sleep caused by chronic inflammation), hydrogen therapy can scavenge reactive oxygen species, reduce inflammation, improve nerve cell function, alleviate sleep disorders caused by these factors, help extend deep sleep time, and reduce the number of nighttime awakenings. However, for sleep problems caused by psychological factors (such as severe anxiety or depression) or organic diseases (such as hyperthyroidism or sleep apnea), hydrogen therapy can only play an auxiliary alleviating role and cannot address the root cause.

People with poor sleep who wish to try hydrogen therapy should first identify the cause of their sleep problems, receive treatment based on the cause under the guidance of a doctor, and use hydrogen therapy as an auxiliary method.

Hydrogen therapy offers multiple benefits for skin health, primarily through antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and repairing cellular damage. It can assist in improving various skin problems:
1. Delaying skin aging: Ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution, and other factors cause the skin to produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species, which damage collagen and elastic fibers, leading to wrinkles, age spots, and skin sagging. Hydrogen therapy can scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species in the skin, reduce collagen loss, delay wrinkle formation, and improve skin elasticity.
2. Improving inflammatory skin diseases: Conditions such as acne, eczema, and dermatitis are often associated with local inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Hydrogen therapy (e.g., applying hydrogen-rich water or hydrogen-rich gel to the skin) can reduce local inflammation, alleviate symptoms such as redness, itching, and pain, and promote the repair of the skin barrier.
3. Promoting wound healing: During the healing process of small abrasions, burns, or other wounds, inflammation and reactive oxygen species are produced; excessive amounts of these can delay healing. Hydrogen therapy can regulate the redox balance at the wound site, reduce inflammation, accelerate the growth of granulation tissue and the repair of epithelial cells, and shorten wound healing time.
4. Improving sensitive skin: People with sensitive skin have a fragile skin barrier and are prone to redness and stinging when stimulated by external factors. Hydrogen therapy can enhance the skin’s antioxidant capacity, repair the skin barrier, and reduce skin sensitivity.

Hydrogen therapy may have an auxiliary improving effect on some nervous system-related issues, mainly due to the strong penetrability of molecular hydrogen (which can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter brain tissue) and its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Specifically:
1. Auxiliary improvement of memory loss: Aging, cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., early-stage Alzheimer’s disease), and other factors cause oxidative stress in brain tissue and damage to nerve cells, leading to memory loss. Hydrogen therapy can scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species in brain tissue, protect nerve cells, reduce synaptic damage, and thereby delay the rate of memory decline and improve cognitive function to a certain extent.
2. Auxiliary relief of neuralgia: Conditions such as postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic peripheral neuralgia are often associated with neuroinflammation and nerve damage. Hydrogen therapy can reduce neuroinflammation, inhibit signaling pathways related to neuropathic pain (e.g., the TRPV1 signaling pathway), and alleviate pain symptoms.
3. Auxiliary improvement of insomnia related to the nervous system: As mentioned earlier, if insomnia is related to oxidative damage to brain nerve cells or nerve excitement caused by anxiety, hydrogen therapy can protect nerve cells and regulate the balance of neurotransmitters (e.g., indirectly affecting serotonin and melatonin levels) to assist in improving sleep.

It should be noted that the improving effect of hydrogen therapy on nervous system issues is auxiliary and cannot replace standardized treatment targeting the cause (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease requires medication as prescribed by a doctor).

Hydrogen therapy has a certain auxiliary protective effect on cardiovascular health. Through mechanisms such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and improving vascular function, it can assist in improving some cardiovascular issues:
1. Auxiliary protection of vascular endothelial function: Vascular endothelial damage is an early trigger of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, and oxidative stress is a key factor leading to endothelial damage. Hydrogen therapy can scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species produced by vascular endothelial cells, reduce endothelial cell apoptosis, and maintain the normal vasodilation and contraction functions of the vascular endothelium.
2. Auxiliary reduction of cardiovascular inflammatory responses: Chronic inflammation is a key factor in the progression of atherosclerosis. Hydrogen therapy can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), reduce inflammatory infiltration in the vascular wall, and delay the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques.
3. Auxiliary improvement of hypertension-related indicators: Some animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that long-term drinking of hydrogen-rich water or inhaling hydrogen can slightly regulate blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension by reducing vascular oxidative stress and improving vascular elasticity. However, it cannot replace antihypertensive drugs—hypertension patients still need to take medication regularly.
4. Auxiliary reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: In the treatment of diseases such as myocardial infarction, restoring blood flow (reperfusion) may trigger oxidative stress damage. Hydrogen therapy can be used before or after reperfusion to reduce myocardial cell damage and protect cardiac function.

Hydrogen therapy has an auxiliary improving effect on some digestive system issues, mainly by regulating gastrointestinal oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and protecting the mucosal barrier:
1. Auxiliary improvement of gastritis and gastric ulcers: Factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, medications (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and alcohol cause oxidative damage and inflammatory responses to the gastric mucosa, leading to gastritis and gastric ulcers. Hydrogen therapy (e.g., drinking hydrogen-rich water) can scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species in the local gastric mucosa, reduce inflammation, promote the repair and regeneration of gastric mucosal epithelial cells, assist in alleviating symptoms such as stomach pain and acid reflux, and accelerate ulcer healing.
2. Auxiliary regulation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): The onset of IBS is related to intestinal flora imbalance, intestinal inflammation, and visceral hypersensitivity. Hydrogen therapy can reduce intestinal inflammation, improve the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and assist in alleviating symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation in IBS patients. Some studies also show that hydrogen-rich water may have a slight regulatory effect on the balance of intestinal flora.
3. Auxiliary relief of indigestion: Long-term indigestion may be related to insufficient gastrointestinal motility and mild damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa. Hydrogen therapy can improve gastrointestinal cell metabolism, enhance gastrointestinal motility, and assist in alleviating indigestion symptoms such as postprandial fullness and belching.

It should be noted that if digestive system issues are caused by a clear cause (e.g., Helicobacter pylori infection requiring antibacterial treatment), hydrogen therapy should be used in conjunction with etiological treatment and cannot be used alone.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain auxiliary effect on diabetic patients, but it cannot lower blood glucose or replace hypoglycemic drugs or insulin therapy. Its main role lies in improving diabetic complications:
1. No direct blood glucose lowering effect: Current research has not found that molecular hydrogen can directly promote insulin secretion, improve insulin sensitivity, or lower blood glucose. Diabetic patients still need to maintain stable blood glucose through diet control, exercise, and medication.
2. Auxiliary improvement of diabetic complications: The occurrence of diabetic complications (such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy) is closely related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses caused by long-term hyperglycemia. Hydrogen therapy can scavenge excessive toxic reactive oxygen species in the body and reduce inflammatory responses, thereby assisting in protecting kidney cells, nerve cells, and retinal cells and delaying the progression of complications. For example, in patients with diabetic nephropathy, hydrogen therapy can reduce urinary microalbumin excretion and protect renal function; in patients with diabetic neuropathy, it can alleviate symptoms such as limb numbness and pain.

Before using hydrogen therapy, diabetic patients should inform their doctors of their blood glucose control status and medication regimen to avoid neglecting blood glucose management due to misunderstandings about the role of hydrogen therapy.

The effect of hydrogen therapy varies significantly among different populations, mainly due to the following factors:
1. Individual physical differences: Differences in age, gender, genetic background, basal metabolic rate, and antioxidant capacity among individuals lead to variations in the absorption, metabolism, and response to molecular hydrogen. For example, young people with stronger cell repair capabilities may experience more obvious fatigue relief from hydrogen therapy compared to the elderly.
2. Differences in causes and conditions of illness: The effect of hydrogen therapy is related to the purpose of use and the severity of the condition. For example, in patients with inflammatory diseases, those with mild inflammation may experience more significant improvement from hydrogen therapy than those with severe inflammation; diseases dominated by oxidative stress usually show better responses to hydrogen therapy than non-oxidative stress-related diseases.
3. Differences in hydrogen therapy methods and parameters: Different hydrogen therapy methods (drinking, inhalation, skin application), molecular hydrogen concentrations, frequency of use, and duration directly affect the therapeutic effect. For example, patients with acute diseases may experience more obvious effects from inhaling high-concentration hydrogen than from drinking low-concentration hydrogen-rich water.
4. Differences in lifestyles: If users have bad habits such as staying up late, excessive drinking, or a high-sugar diet, these will continuously produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species, offsetting part of the effect of hydrogen therapy. In contrast, individuals who maintain a healthy lifestyle (such as regular作息, balanced diet, and moderate exercise) tend to experience more significant effects from hydrogen therapy.

In addition, psychological factors also play a role—individuals who hold a positive and trusting attitude toward hydrogen therapy often report better self-perceived effects, as psychological suggestion may enhance the body’s response to hydrogen therapy. In summary, the effect of hydrogen therapy on different populations is influenced by a combination of factors. When using hydrogen therapy, individuals should comprehensively consider their own circumstances, choose an appropriate method, and maintain a healthy lifestyle to achieve better results.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain auxiliary effect on cancer patients, but it cannot replace traditional cancer treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. Its main roles are reflected in the following aspects:

1. Alleviating side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy: While radiotherapy and chemotherapy kill cancer cells, they also generate a large amount of reactive oxygen species, triggering severe oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These lead to side effects in patients such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and myelosuppression. Hydrogen therapy can scavenge these excessive reactive oxygen species, reduce oxidative stress damage and inflammation, relieve the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and improve patients’ quality of life. For example, drinking hydrogen-rich water can alleviate radiation-induced oral mucositis and radiation dermatitis, and reduce the risk of liver and kidney function damage caused by chemotherapy.

2. Enhancing the body’s immunity: Due to disease consumption and the impact of treatment, cancer patients often have low immunity and are prone to complications such as infections. Hydrogen therapy can regulate the activity of immune cells, enhance the body’s immunity, help patients better resist infections, and may also assist immune cells in recognizing and killing cancer cells.

3. Assisting in inhibiting tumor progression: Some studies have shown that hydrogen may inhibit tumor growth and metastasis to a certain extent by regulating the signaling pathways of tumor cells, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. However, the effect of this role in the human body still requires more clinical research for verification. When cancer patients use hydrogen therapy, they must do so under the guidance of doctors, considering factors such as their cancer type, stage, and treatment plan, and use it as an auxiliary method in conjunction with traditional treatment.

Hydrogen therapy may be helpful for some people with allergic constitutions and can relieve allergic symptoms to a certain extent. An allergic reaction is essentially an excessive immune response of the body’s immune system to external allergens, which produces a large amount of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators, leading to symptoms such as skin itching, redness and swelling, respiratory allergies (e.g., sneezing, runny nose, coughing), and gastrointestinal allergies (e.g., abdominal pain, diarrhea).

Hydrogen therapy exerts its effects through the following mechanisms:
1. Antioxidation and anti-inflammation: Molecular hydrogen can scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species produced in the body due to allergic reactions, reduce oxidative stress damage, and at the same time inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators (such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, etc.), alleviate the inflammatory response caused by allergies, thereby reducing allergic symptoms.
2. Regulating immune function: Hydrogen may have a certain regulatory effect on the immune system, making the overactive immune system of people with allergic constitutions tend to be balanced, reducing the sensitivity of the immune system to allergens, and decreasing the frequency and severity of allergic reactions. However, the effect of hydrogen therapy on relieving allergies varies depending on individual differences and the type of allergens, and it can only relieve symptoms, not change the allergic constitution. If people with allergic constitutions want to try hydrogen therapy, they are advised to do so under the guidance of a doctor and combine it with conventional treatment measures such as avoiding contact with allergens and using anti-allergic drugs as prescribed.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain effect on improving the decline in physical functions of the elderly, mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Antioxidation and delaying aging: With the increase in age, the level of oxidative stress in the elderly’s bodies gradually increases. Excessive reactive oxygen species damage cells, proteins, and DNA, accelerating physical aging and functional decline. Hydrogen therapy can effectively scavenge these toxic reactive oxygen species, reduce oxidative damage, and delay the aging process of cells and tissues. For example, it helps improve aging manifestations in the elderly such as loose skin, increased wrinkles, and age spots.

2. Improving cardiovascular function: The elderly are prone to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Hydrogen therapy can assist in maintaining the normal function of the cardiovascular system, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases or delay the progression of diseases by protecting vascular endothelial cells, reducing inflammatory responses, and improving vascular elasticity. It is also helpful for improving symptoms such as decreased exercise tolerance, palpitations, and shortness of breath caused by reduced cardiovascular function in the elderly.

3. Enhancing nervous system function: Aging may be accompanied by nervous system problems such as memory loss, cognitive decline, sleep disorders, and neuralgia. Hydrogen therapy can cross the blood-brain barrier, scavenge reactive oxygen species in brain tissue, protect nerve cells, improve the balance of neurotransmitters, and assist in relieving the above-mentioned nervous system symptoms, thereby improving the elderly’s quality of life.

4. Boosting immunity: The immune system function of the elderly weakens, making them vulnerable to pathogenic microorganisms and increasing the incidence of infectious diseases. Hydrogen therapy can regulate the activity of immune cells, enhance the body’s immunity, improve the elderly’s resistance to pathogenic microorganisms, and reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases such as colds and pneumonia.

5. Relieving joint inflammation: Common joint diseases in the elderly, such as osteoarthritis, are related to joint cartilage damage and inflammatory responses. Hydrogen therapy can reduce local inflammation in the joints, relieve symptoms such as pain and swelling, and is beneficial for improving joint movement function. However, it should be noted that the effect of hydrogen therapy on improving the decline in the elderly’s physical functions is limited. The elderly still need to adhere to a healthy lifestyle and receive standardized treatment for underlying diseases under the guidance of doctors.

Hydrogen therapy is helpful for improving chronic fatigue syndrome. Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by long-term fatigue as the main symptom, accompanied by multiple symptoms such as memory loss, difficulty concentrating, sleep disorders, and muscle and joint pain. Its pathogenesis is related to various factors including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, immune system disorders, and neuroendocrine disorders.

Hydrogen therapy works mainly through the following mechanisms:
1. Antioxidation and reducing inflammation: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have obvious oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in their bodies, which cause cell and tissue damage. Hydrogen can selectively scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species, reduce oxidative damage, and at the same time inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, relieve inflammatory responses, reduce physical pain and discomfort caused by inflammation, and promote physical recovery.

2. Regulating the immune system: This disease is often accompanied by immune system dysfunction. Hydrogen can regulate the activity of immune cells, improve immune function, restore the balance of the immune system, enhance the body’s resistance, and reduce fatigue caused by immune disorders.

3. Improving mitochondrial function: Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells. The mitochondrial function of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome is often impaired, leading to insufficient energy production. Hydrogen therapy can improve the structure and function of mitochondria, promote the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the direct energy supply substance of cells), provide more energy for the body, and relieve fatigue symptoms.

4. Regulating neurotransmitters: Fatigue is related to neurotransmitter imbalance (such as abnormal levels of serotonin and dopamine). Hydrogen may regulate the synthesis, release, and metabolism of neurotransmitters, improve the balance of neurotransmitters, adjust mood and mental state, and reduce symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and memory loss caused by neurotransmitter disorders. Usually, patients with chronic fatigue syndrome can receive hydrogen therapy by drinking hydrogen-rich water or inhaling hydrogen, but the effect may vary due to individual differences. It is recommended to use it persistently for a long time under the guidance of a doctor.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain auxiliary therapeutic effect on patients with autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues and organs, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. The pathogenesis is closely related to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and excessive activation of the immune system.

Hydrogen therapy can assist in treatment through the following approaches:
1. Antioxidation and anti-inflammation: In autoimmune diseases, a large number of immune cells are activated, producing excessive reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators, which trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These lead to symptoms such as joint pain and swelling (e.g., in rheumatoid arthritis), skin erythema, and organ damage (e.g., in systemic lupus erythematosus). Hydrogen can scavenge these toxic reactive oxygen species, inhibit the release of inflammatory factors (such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, etc.), reduce inflammatory responses, relieve symptoms such as pain and swelling, and protect tissues and organs from further damage.

2. Regulating the immune system: The immune system of patients with autoimmune diseases is in an imbalanced state, and overactive immune cells attack their own tissues. Hydrogen therapy may have a regulatory effect on the immune system, correct immune imbalance, inhibit abnormal immune responses, and reduce attacks on the body’s own tissues. For example, studies have found that hydrogen can regulate the differentiation and function of immune cells, restoring the imbalanced Th1/Th2 cell ratio to normal.

3. Improving vascular endothelial function: Autoimmune diseases are often accompanied by vascular endothelial damage, which affects blood circulation and further aggravates the condition. Hydrogen therapy can protect vascular endothelial cells, improve vascular endothelial function, promote blood circulation, and help the repair of damaged tissues. However, it is important to clarify that hydrogen therapy cannot replace the standard treatment for autoimmune diseases (such as the use of immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids, and other drugs). Patients must use hydrogen therapy as an auxiliary method under the guidance of doctors and combine it with standardized drug treatment to better control the condition.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain potential for disease prevention, mainly based on its mechanisms of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation. It can help the body maintain a good internal environment and reduce the risk of disease occurrence.

The following groups of people may be more suitable for using hydrogen therapy for disease prevention:
1. People with unhealthy lifestyles: For example, those who stay up late for a long time, are under high mental stress, lack exercise, or have an unbalanced diet (such as a high-sugar, high-fat, high-salt diet). These unhealthy lifestyles can lead to increased levels of oxidative stress in the body, immune system dysfunction, and an increased risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Hydrogen therapy can help scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species in the body, regulate immune function, reduce the damage to the body caused by unhealthy lifestyles, and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

2. People at high risk of chronic diseases: For instance, those with a family history of genetic diseases (such as family members with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, or certain types of cancer). Their genetic genes may increase their susceptibility to certain diseases. Middle-aged and elderly people also have a higher probability of developing chronic diseases due to the gradual decline of physical functions. Hydrogen therapy can intervene in the occurrence and development of diseases to a certain extent and play a preventive role for these high-risk groups.

3. People exposed to adverse environments for a long time: Such as those who have long-term exposure to air-polluted environments (e.g., smog-prone areas, industrial pollution areas), contact with chemical substances (e.g., heavy metals, organic solvents), or work in radiation environments (e.g., medical radiation workers, nuclear power plant workers). These adverse environmental factors can induce the body to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species, damaging cells and tissues. Hydrogen therapy can exert its antioxidant effect, reduce the damage to the body caused by environmental factors, and prevent diseases (such as lung diseases, cancer, etc.) caused by environmental factors. However, it should be noted that the preventive effect of hydrogen therapy is not absolute, and it cannot replace a healthy lifestyle and regular physical examinations. When using hydrogen therapy for disease prevention, it should also be carried out under the guidance of professionals.

Hydrogen therapy may be helpful for improving some eye health problems:
1. Dry eye syndrome: Dry eye syndrome is a condition characterized by eye discomfort and vision loss caused by insufficient tear secretion, abnormal tear composition, or abnormal tear dynamics. Its occurrence is related to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and meibomian gland dysfunction. Hydrogen therapy can alleviate eye inflammation, reduce oxidative damage to the lacrimal gland and ocular surface tissue, improve meibomian gland function, increase tear secretion, and relieve symptoms of dry eye syndrome such as dry eyes, foreign body sensation, and pain. For example, using hydrogen-containing eye drops or eye care products and applying them locally to the eyes can achieve a certain effect.

2. Eye strain: Prolonged eye use (such as using electronic devices, reading, etc.) is likely to cause eye strain, which is manifested as eye soreness, pain, and blurred vision. During eye strain, oxidative stress reactions occur in ocular tissues. Hydrogen can scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species in the eyes, improve eye blood circulation, relieve eye muscle tension, thereby reducing eye strain symptoms and relaxing the eyes.

3. Glaucoma: Glaucoma is an eye disease caused by increased intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage. Although hydrogen therapy cannot directly reduce intraocular pressure, oxidative stress and inflammation can aggravate optic nerve damage during the occurrence and development of glaucoma. Hydrogen therapy can protect optic nerve cells through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, delay the progression of optic nerve damage, and play a certain auxiliary role in protecting the vision of glaucoma patients. However, the effect of hydrogen therapy on improving eye health problems is limited. If severe eye diseases occur, you should seek medical attention in a timely manner, follow the diagnosis and treatment plan of a professional ophthalmologist, and use hydrogen therapy as an auxiliary method under the guidance of a doctor.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain auxiliary improving effect on bone health-related problems:
1. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, destruction of bone tissue microstructure, and increased bone fragility. It is related to various factors including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, hormonal imbalance, and abnormal calcium metabolism. Hydrogen therapy can reduce the damage of reactive oxygen species to osteoblasts (cells responsible for bone formation) through its antioxidant effect, promote the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts, and at the same time inhibit the excessive activity of osteoclasts (cells responsible for bone resorption), maintain the balance of bone metabolism, help increase bone mineral density, and prevent and improve osteoporosis. In addition, hydrogen may also regulate cell signaling pathways related to bone metabolism and indirectly promote bone health.
2. Arthritis: Here, it mainly refers to osteoarthritis, which is a common degenerative joint disease. The main pathological changes include joint cartilage damage, bone hyperplasia, and inflammatory responses around the joints. Hydrogen therapy can exert its anti-inflammatory effect, reduce synovial inflammation of the joints, relieve symptoms such as pain and swelling, and at the same time inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes, promote the synthesis of cartilage matrix, delay the degeneration of joint cartilage, and is beneficial for improving joint function and enhancing the quality of life of patients. However, it is important to clarify that hydrogen therapy cannot replace the standard treatment for osteoporosis and arthritis. For example, osteoporosis patients need to supplement calcium and vitamin D, and use anti-osteoporosis drugs when necessary; arthritis patients may need to adopt drug treatment, physical therapy, surgical treatment, etc. according to their condition. Hydrogen therapy can be used as an auxiliary method under the guidance of a doctor in combination with these conventional treatment methods.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain effect on improving some oral health problems:
1. Halitosis: The causes of halitosis are complex. Both local oral factors (such as poor oral hygiene, periodontitis, dental caries, thick tongue coating, etc.) and systemic factors (such as gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, etc.) may lead to halitosis. Hydrogen therapy can improve halitosis through multiple pathways. For local oral factors, hydrogen can inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria in the oral cavity (such as anaerobic bacteria that can produce odors) and reduce the production of odorous substances such as volatile sulfides; at the same time, the antioxidant effect of hydrogen can reduce inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingival tissue, improve the oral microecological environment, thereby alleviating halitosis symptoms. For halitosis caused by systemic factors, if the systemic disease is related to oxidative stress and inflammation, hydrogen therapy may also have a certain indirect improving effect on halitosis while improving the systemic condition.
2. Oral ulcers: Oral ulcers are a common oral mucosal disease. The causes include immune factors, genetic factors, systemic disease factors, infection factors, environmental factors, etc., and the pathogenesis is accompanied by obvious inflammatory responses. Hydrogen therapy can exert its anti-inflammatory effect, reduce local inflammation of oral ulcers, relieve pain, and at the same time promote the repair and regeneration of oral mucosal cells, shortening the healing time of ulcers.
3. Periodontitis: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal supporting tissues caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Hydrogen therapy can reduce inflammation of the periodontal tissue, inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, reduce alveolar bone resorption, and promote the repair and regeneration of periodontal tissue through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which is helpful for improving periodontitis symptoms such as gingival redness and swelling, bleeding, and tooth loosening. However, it should be noted that the application of hydrogen therapy in the field of oral health is still in the stage of research and exploration, and it cannot replace the conventional treatment methods for oral diseases (such as tooth cleaning, tooth filling, and the use of antibiotics for the treatment of periodontitis). If severe oral problems occur, you should seek medical attention in a timely manner and use hydrogen therapy reasonably in combination with conventional treatment under the guidance of a doctor.

Hydrogen therapy may have a certain auxiliary effect on improving some hearing and balance function-related problems:

1. Tinnitus: Tinnitus refers to the subjective perception of sound in the ear or skull when there is no external sound source or electrical stimulation. Its causes are complex, including inner ear diseases (e.g., Meniere’s disease, sudden sensorineural hearing loss), cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, drug side effects, and psychosocial factors. The occurrence of some tinnitus cases is related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in inner ear tissues—for example, noise-induced tinnitus and drug-induced tinnitus. Through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, hydrogen therapy can reduce oxidative damage and inflammation in inner ear tissues, protect inner ear hair cells and nerve fibers, and alleviate tinnitus symptoms to a certain extent. However, for tinnitus caused by other factors (such as organic lesions like acoustic neuromas), hydrogen therapy may only play an auxiliary alleviating role and cannot address the root cause.

2. Vertigo: Vertigo is a motor or positional illusion involving functional impairments of multiple systems, including the inner ear vestibular system, visual system, somatosensory system, and nervous system. Diseases of the inner ear vestibular system are one of the common causes of vertigo, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and Meniere’s disease. In these inner ear diseases, inflammation and oxidative stress may disrupt the normal function of the vestibular system, leading to vertigo. Hydrogen therapy can reduce inner ear inflammation, improve the microenvironment of inner ear tissues, and regulate the function of the vestibular system, thereby alleviating vertigo caused by inner ear inflammation and oxidative stress in some cases. However, vertigo has diverse causes, and hydrogen therapy is not effective for all vertigo patients. If vertigo occurs, seek medical attention promptly to identify the cause and receive targeted treatment. Hydrogen therapy can be used as an auxiliary measure after evaluation by a doctor.

Hydrogen therapy has a certain effect on improving liver function, with particularly prominent performance in auxiliary improvement of fatty liver and hepatitis:

1. Fatty liver: Fatty liver is a condition where excessive fat accumulates in liver cells due to various causes (e.g., obesity, alcoholism, diabetes, hyperlipidemia). During the formation and progression of fatty liver, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play important roles, further damaging liver cells and causing abnormal liver function. Hydrogen therapy exerts its effects through the following mechanisms: First, hydrogen can scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species in the liver, reduce oxidative stress-induced damage to liver cells, and protect the normal structure and function of liver cells. Second, the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, reduce inflammatory responses in the liver, and alleviate inflammatory damage to liver cells. Additionally, hydrogen therapy may regulate the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, promote the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids, and reduce fat accumulation in the liver—thereby improving fatty liver conditions, lowering liver function indicators such as transaminases, and restoring liver function.
2. Hepatitis: Whether it is viral hepatitis (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C), drug-induced hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or alcoholic hepatitis, the liver sustains varying degrees of damage during the inflammatory process, producing a large amount of reactive oxygen species that lead to hepatocyte necrosis and decreased liver function. Through its antioxidant effect, hydrogen therapy can reduce the attack of reactive oxygen species on liver cells and decrease the degree of oxidative damage to hepatocytes; at the same time, its anti-inflammatory properties can inhibit inflammatory responses, reduce inflammatory infiltration in the liver, and promote the repair and regeneration of liver cells.

The time it takes for hydrogen therapy to show results varies from person to person and is related to the purpose of use, the method of hydrogen therapy, individual physical condition, and the severity of the condition. In some cases, long-term adherence is required, while in others, changes can be felt relatively quickly.

Specifically:
- For daily health maintenance (e.g., relieving fatigue, improving sleep) using mild methods such as drinking hydrogen-rich water, some people may feel reduced fatigue and improved sleep quality after adhering to it for 1-2 weeks.
- For improving mild inflammation (e.g., mild skin inflammation, indigestion) through topical application or drinking hydrogen-rich water, symptom relief may be observed within 1-3 weeks.
- For auxiliary improvement of chronic diseases or complications (e.g., diabetic neuropathy, joint inflammation), long-term adherence (usually 3-6 months or longer) is required to gradually observe improvements in indicators or symptom relief (e.g., reduced neuralgia, improved joint mobility).

It should be noted that the effects of hydrogen therapy are cumulative. Short-term use may yield insignificant results, and long-term, regular use is more likely to achieve the desired auxiliary effect.

Currently, research on molecular hydrogen and hydrogen therapy covers a wide range, with a focus on the following core fields:

1. Basic mechanism research: This field focuses on exploring the specific molecular mechanisms of molecular hydrogen’s selective antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and regulation of cell signaling pathways, as well as the metabolic pathways and target proteins of molecular hydrogen in cells.

2. Research on auxiliary treatment of chronic diseases: This includes neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia), metabolic diseases (diabetes and its complications), and inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis). Research in this area investigates the impact of hydrogen therapy on symptom relief and disease progression for these conditions.

3. Research on auxiliary repair of acute injuries: This involves conditions such as brain injury, spinal cord injury, burns, and sports injuries, exploring the role of hydrogen therapy in reducing acute oxidative stress damage and promoting tissue repair.

4. Research on skin health and anti-aging: This field studies the effects and mechanisms of molecular hydrogen on skin aging, inflammatory skin diseases (acne, eczema), and wound healing.

5. Research on applicability to special populations: This includes studying the safety and effectiveness of hydrogen therapy for special groups such as the elderly, infants and young children, and pregnant women, providing evidence support for the application of hydrogen therapy in different populations.

Up to now, there have been more than 100 clinical studies on hydrogen therapy worldwide (data is continuously updated with research progress), covering human clinical trials and observational studies. The main countries and regions involved are:
- Japan: It is an early starter in hydrogen therapy research and has a relatively large number of clinical studies, covering multiple fields such as neurology, cardiology, and dermatology.
- China: Research progress has been rapid in recent years, with clinical studies focusing on diabetic complications, respiratory diseases, sports injuries, and other areas.
- The United States: Research focuses on neurodegenerative diseases, auxiliary cancer treatment, and other directions.
- South Korea: Research mainly centers on skin diseases and metabolic diseases.

In addition, countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia also have a small number of clinical studies on hydrogen therapy, which are mainly focused on verifying basic mechanisms and exploring the auxiliary effects of hydrogen therapy on specific diseases.

Currently, hydrogen therapy has achieved relatively clear positive auxiliary results in research on a variety of diseases, mainly including:

1. Inflammatory diseases: Such as rheumatoid arthritis (studies have shown that hydrogen therapy can reduce joint inflammation and pain, and lower the level of inflammatory factors) and ulcerative colitis (drinking hydrogen-rich water can alleviate intestinal inflammation and reduce mucosal damage).

2. Diabetic complications: Such as diabetic nephropathy (hydrogen therapy can reduce urinary microalbumin and protect renal function) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (it can relieve symptoms such as limb numbness and pain, and improve nerve conduction velocity).

3. Skin diseases: Such as atopic dermatitis (topical use of hydrogen-rich products can reduce itching and inflammation) and skin burns (hydrogen inhalation can reduce oxidative stress damage after burns and promote wound healing).

4. Exercise-related injuries: Such as muscle strains and delayed onset muscle soreness (hydrogen therapy can accelerate recovery and reduce pain).

5. Nervous system-related issues: Such as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (hydrogen inhalation can reduce brain tissue damage and improve neurological function) and insomnia (some studies have shown that it can prolong deep sleep time). It should be emphasized that these results are mostly auxiliary effects and cannot replace standard treatment.

Currently, research on hydrogen therapy in auxiliary cancer treatment is still in the preliminary stage, mainly focusing on the following directions:

1. Alleviating side effects of cancer treatment: Studies have shown that hydrogen therapy may alleviate kidney damage and gastrointestinal reactions (such as nausea and vomiting) caused by chemotherapy drugs (e.g., cisplatin), as well as skin damage and mucosal inflammation caused by radiotherapy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This improves the treatment tolerance and quality of life of cancer patients.

2. Exploration of enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment: Some animal experiments have shown that when hydrogen therapy is used in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it may enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs or improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy by regulating the tumor microenvironment (e.g., reducing oxidative stress in tumor tissue and inhibiting tumor-related inflammation). However, this effect has not been confirmed in large-scale human clinical trials.

3. Improving the physical condition of cancer patients: Cancer patients often suffer from fatigue and decreased immunity due to the disease and treatment. Hydrogen therapy can assist in relieving fatigue and improving patients' physical strength by improving cell metabolism and enhancing the activity of immune cells. It should be clearly stated that hydrogen therapy can never replace the standard treatment for cancer (such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy). It can only be used as an auxiliary method in comprehensive cancer treatment to help improve treatment side effects and patients' quality of life.

Red light is a type of light visible to the human eye, typically ranging from $620$ to $750$ nanometers (nm) in wavelength. It's often used in therapy due to its ability to be absorbed by the mitochondria in cells, potentially stimulating energy production.

The primary mechanism is thought to be the absorption of red light photons by cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in the mitochondria. This absorption helps increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production (cellular energy), reduce oxidative stress, and improve cell signaling.

Common applications include promoting skin health (e.g., reducing wrinkles, improving collagen density), accelerating wound healing, reducing pain and inflammation in joints and muscles, and improving muscle recovery.

Red light ($620-750$ nm) is more readily absorbed by the skin surface, making it ideal for topical skin issues. Near-Infrared Light (NIR) ($780-1100$ nm) penetrates deeper into tissues (muscles, nerves, bone), making it better for deeper pain relief and recovery.

While red light is generally safe, direct, prolonged exposure to high-intensity red light sources can potentially be harmful. Protective eyewear is generally recommended, especially when using high-powered devices, to avoid discomfort or retinal damage.

Different wavelengths target different biological effects. For deep tissue issues (pain, muscle recovery), choose products combining Red (630-670 nm) and Near-Infrared (NIR) (800-880 nm), like 660 nm + 850 nm. For superficial skin issues (collagen, fine lines), wavelengths in the 630-670 nm range are sufficient. Note: Yellow and Green lights are typically used for specific cosmetic targets (pigmentation, redness).

Continuous Wave (CW) mode provides steady energy for consistent effect. Pulsed Wave (PW) mode delivers light in short bursts, which some studies suggest can be more effective for certain conditions (like pain reduction) and may prevent tissue overheating. A quality product should offer both control functions for versatility.

Irradiance (often measured in $text{mW}/text{cm}^2$) is the light power density delivered to the treatment area. Sufficient and reliable irradiance is crucial because low power may not deliver the necessary therapeutic dose (Joules/$text{cm}^2$) in a practical timeframe, leading to ineffective treatment. Look for verified power output data from the supplier.

Focus on stability and expertise. A minimum of 5 years of production experience in photon therapy or medical devices suggests manufacturing maturity, stable quality control processes, and a better understanding of regulatory requirements (critical for B2B foreign trade). Request certifications (ISO 13485, CE},FDA) and check their R&D capability

The required certifications depend on the target market. Essential ones include: CE Mark (for the European Economic Area), FDA Registration/Clearance (for the US market), and compliance with quality management systems like ISO 13485 (Medical devices). These certify that the factory meets international safety and quality standards.

Shenzhen Guangyang Zhongkang Technology Co., Ltd. was established in $text{2013}$ and specializes in the research and development, production, and sales of rehabilitation medical devices. Their product lines include phototherapy, oxyhydrogen, and physiotherapy devices.

The company holds authoritative international certifications critical for global trade, including Medical CE, FDA, PSE, UL, and FCC. They also operate under the quality management standard of the ISO 13485 system, which is essential for medical device manufacturing.

The company provides customized OEM services, offering more than 100 high-quality OEM models for over 40 countries and regions. They are committed to helping customers achieve market differentiation and aim for long-term sustainable cooperation.